Caudipteryx and Protarchaeopteryx were small dinosaurs that had a downy covering of feathers over most of their bodies, but also had longer, more complex feathers on their arms and tails, arranged like those of modern birds. These long feathers had a central shaft with barbs of equal length on either side.

Like modern birds, these dinosaurs may have used long, patterned feathers to recognise one another, to attract mates and warn off rivals. They may also have been used to help cover and insulate their eggs and chicks in nests.

Caudipteryx zoui
Artist: James Reece