In South Africa and Botswana a new program of rock engraving research was initiated with Sven Ouzman (National Museum of South Africa) that focuses on better interpreting engraved imagery, in contrast to most previous work in southern Africa which has revolved around the painted rock-art.

In 1998, collaborative field research was conducted at 18 rock engraving sites in northern South Africa and Botswana during September - October. The research data is currently being analysed and several collaborative papers are in press or preparation.

Engraved rhinos in northern south Africa.

Engraved elephant near Kimberley, South Africa.